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SPANISH VERBS WITH STEM CHANGES IN THE PRESENT SUBJUNCTIVE |
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Verbs with stem-changes in the present tense also have stem changes in the present subjunctive. Some important things to notice:
-AR and -ER
verbs have stem changes in all the forms except the nosotros and the vosotros
forms.
-IR verbs change their stems in all the forms (yo, tú, él/ella/Ud, nosotros(as),
vosotros(as), ellos/ellas/Uds.); however, they do it differently.
These stem change takes place on the vowel
next to the last syllable.
All the stem changing verbs, when conjugated, have the same endings as the regular subjunctive
verbs do.
-AR AND -ER VERBS
Verbs that change from E to IE:
LISTEN
Cerrar (to close)
Present
subjunctive
Yo cierre
Tú cierres
Él/ella/Ud. cierre
Empezar* (to begin/start)
Present subjunctive
Yo empiece
Tú empieces
Él/ella/Ud.
empiece |
Present tense: cierro
Nosotros(as)
cerremos
Vosotros(as) cerréis
Ellos/ellas/Uds. cierren
Present tense: empiezo
Nosotros(as) empecemos
Vosotros(as) empecéis
Ellos/ellas/Uds. empiecen
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*Empezar has not only a stem change, but it is also a verb that ends
in -ZAR; therefore, the Z changes to C when it is conjugated in the present
subjunctive. The same rule applies for Comenzar (to star/to begin).
More verbs that
change from E to IE
Despertar(se) (to wake up/to arouse), entender
(to understand), merendar (to eat snack), perder (to lose/to miss), pensar (to think),
querer (to want/to love), sentarse (to seat/to sit).
Verbs that change
from O to UE
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Volver (to go back/to return)
Present
subjunctive:
Yo vuelva
Tú vuelvas
Él/ella/Ud. vuelva
Contar (to tell/to count)
Present subjunctive:
Yo cuente
Tú cuentes
Él/ella/Ud. cuente
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Present tense: vuelvo
Nosotros(as)
volvamos
Vosotros(as) volváis
Ellos/ellas/Uds. vuelvan
Present tense: cuento
Nosotros(as) contemos
Vosotros(as) contéis
Ellos/ellas/Uds. cuenten
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More verbs that change from O to UE:
Acostar(se) (to lie down/to go to bed), almorzar (to have lunch), costar (to cost), devolver
(to return/to refund), encontrar (to find/to meet), poder (to be able to/ can), probar(se) (to
try on), recordar (to remember/to remind), resolver (to solve/to resolve).
Verbs
that change from U to UE:
**Jugar has not only a stem change, but it is also a verb that ends in -GAR;
therefore, the G changes to GU to keep the pronunciation when conjugated in present subjunctive.
Jugar** (to play game or sport)
Present subjunctive:
Yo juegue
Tú juegues
Él/ella/Ud. juegue
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Present tense: juego
Nosotros(as)
juguemos
Vosotros(as) juguéis
Ellos/ellas/Uds. jueguen
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-IR VERB
Verbs that change from O to UE and U:
Notice that
nosotros and vosotros forms change from O to U
LISTEN
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Dormir (to sleep)
Present
subjunctive:
Yo duerma
Tú duermas
Él/ella/Ud. duerma
Morir (to die)
Present subjunctive:
Yo muera
Tú mueras
Él/ella/Ud. muera
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Present tense: duermo
Nosotros(as)
durmamos
Vosotros(as) durmáis
Ellos/ellas/Uds. duerman
Present tense: muero
Nosotros(as) muramos
Vosotros(as) muráis
Ellos/ellas/Uds. mueran
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Verbs that change from E to I:
The stem changes happen in all forms of the subjunctive including nosotros and vosotros.
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Servir: to serve
Present
subjunctive:
Yo sirva
Tú sirvas
Él/ella/Ud. sirva
Pedir: to ask for
Present subjunctive:
Yo pida
Tú pidas
Él/ella/Ud.
pida
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Present tense: sirvo
Nosotros(as)
sirvamos
Vosotros(as) sirváis
Ellos/ellas/Uds. sirvan
Present tense: pido
Nosotros(as) pidamos
Vosotros(as) pidáis
Ellos/ellas/Uds. pidan
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More verbs that change from E to
I:
Conseguir (to get/to achieve), reir(se) (to laugh), repetir (to repeat), seguir
(to follow/to continue), vestir (to dress/to wear).
Verbs that change from E to IE
and I
Notice that nosotros and vosotros forms change for E to I.
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Preferir: to prefer
Present
subjunctive:
Yo prefiera
Tú prefieras
Él/ella/Ud. prefiera
Sentir: to feel
Present subjunctive:
Yo sienta
Tú sientas
Él/ella/Ud.
sienta
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Present tense: prefiero
Nosotros(as)
prefiramos
Vosotros(as) prefiráis
Ellos/ellas/Uds. prefieran
Present tense: siento
Nosotros(as) sintamos
Vosotros(as) sintáis
Ellos/ellas/Uds. sientan
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More verbs that change form E to IE
and I:
Divertirse (to enjoy oneself), mentir (to lie).
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